Enwere ike ịkọwa nanomaterials dị ka ihe nwere, opekempe, otu akụkụ mpụga na-atụ 1-100nm.Nkọwa nke European Commission nyere na-ekwu na nha nha nke opekata mpe ọkara nke irighiri ihe dị na nkesa nha ọnụọgụ ga-enwerịrị 100nm ma ọ bụ n'okpuru.
Nanomaterials nwere ike ime na ndammana, emepụtara dị ka ihe sitere na mmeghachi omume combustion, ma ọ bụ mepụta nke ọma site na injinịa iji rụọ ọrụ pụrụ iche.Ihe ndị a nwere ike inwe mmetụta anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ dị iche iche na ndị otu ha nwere ụdị nnukwu.
Kedu ihe eji Nanomaterials?
N'ihi ike ịmepụta ihe ndị ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche iji rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche, iji nanomaterials na-agafe n'ofe ọrụ dị iche iche, site na nlekọta ahụike na ihe ịchọ mma ruo na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ịdị ọcha ikuku.
Ebe nlekọta ahụike, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-eji nanomaterials n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na otu isi ihe eji eme ya bụ nnyefe ọgwụ.Otu ihe atụ nke usoro a bụ ebe a na-emepụta nanoparticles iji nyere aka na-ebuga ọgwụ chemotherapy ozugbo na-ebuga ọrịa cancer, yana ibuga ọgwụ na mpaghara akwara ndị mebiri emebi iji lụso ọrịa obi ọgụ.A na-emepụtakwa carbon nanotubes ka e jiri ya mee ihe na usoro dị ka mgbakwunye nke ọgwụ nje na nanotubes iji mepụta ihe mmetụta nje bacteria.
Na mbara igwe, enwere ike iji carbon nanotubes mee ka nku ụgbọ elu morphing.A na-eji nanotubes mee ihe n'ụdị ngwakọta na-ehulata na nzaghachi nke ngwa eletriki eletrik.
N'ebe ọzọ, usoro nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-ejikwa nanomaterials - na nke a, nanowires.A na-emepụta ngwa iji nanowires - zinc oxide nanowires- na mkpụrụ ndụ anyanwụ na-agbanwe agbanwe yana iji rụọ ọrụ n'ịgwọ mmiri na-emerụ emerụ.
Ọmụmaatụ nke Nanomaterials na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-eji na ya
Ojiji nke nanomaterials juru ebe niile n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma, a na-eji nanoparticles mineral - dị ka titanium oxide - na mkpuchi anwụ, n'ihi nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma nke nchebe UV kemịkalụ nkịtị na-enye na ogologo oge.Dị nnọọ ka nnukwu ihe ga-eme, titanium oxide nanoparticles na-enwe ike inye mma UV nchebe ma na-enwe agbakwunyere uru nke iwepu cosmetically unappealing whitening metụtara sunscreen na ha nano-ụdị.
Ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu na-emepụta ụsụ baseball nke ejiri carbon nanotubes mee, na-eme ka ụsụ ndị ahụ dị ọkụ ya mere na-eme ka arụmọrụ ha dịkwuo mma.Enwere ike ịmatakwu ojiji nanomaterials na ụlọ ọrụ a na iji antimicrobial nanotechnology na ihe ndị dị ka akwa nhicha na akwa ndị egwuregwu na-eji, iji gbochie ọrịa ndị nje bacteria na-akpata.
E mepụtakwara ihe nanomaterials maka ndị agha.Otu ihe atụ bụ iji ihe nanoparticles pigmenti mkpanaaka na-emepụta ụdị mkpuchi ka mma, site na ịgbanye irighiri ahụ n'ime ihe ndị agha na-eji.Na mgbakwunye, ndị agha ewepụtala sistemu ihe mmetụta site na iji nanomaterials, dị ka titanium dioxide, nke nwere ike ịchọpụta ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ndụ.
Ojiji nke nano-titanium dioxide gbatịkwara iji mee ihe na mkpuchi iji mepụta ebe na-ehicha onwe ya, dị ka nke oche ogige rọba.A na-emepụta ihe nkiri nke mmiri na-ekpuchi na mkpuchi, na ihe ọ bụla unyi na-agbaze na fim ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ịsa ahụ na-esote ga-ewepụ unyi na n'ezie na-ehicha oche.
Uru nke Nanomaterials
Ngwongwo nke nanomaterials, karịsịa nha ha, na-enye uru dị iche iche dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ihe dị iche iche, na ike ha na-eme ka ha nwee ike ịkwado ha maka ihe ndị a chọrọ na-emesi uru ha bara.Ihe ọzọ bara uru bụ porosity dị elu ha, nke na-abawanye ọchịchọ maka ojiji ha n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ.
Na mpaghara ume, iji nanomaterials bara uru n'ihi na ha nwere ike ime ka usoro ndị dị ugbu a na-emepụta ike - dị ka ogwe ọkụ anyanwụ - nke ọma ma dị ọnụ ahịa, yana imepe ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ijikwa ma chekwaa ike. .
Nanomaterials ka atọrọ iwebata ọtụtụ uru na ngwa eletrọnịkị na ụlọ ọrụ kọmpụta.Iji ha mee ihe ga-ekwe ka mmụba nke izi ezi nke owuwu nke sekit eletrọnịkị na ọkwa atọm, na-enyere aka n'ịmepụta ọtụtụ ngwaahịa eletrọnịkị.
Oke oke elu-na-olu nke nanomaterials bara uru karịsịa n'iji ha eme ihe na ngalaba ahụike, nke na-enye ohere njikọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ.Nke a na-ebute uru doro anya nke mmụba na ohere nke ịlụso ọrịa dị iche iche ọgụ nke ọma.
Oge nzipu: Nov-18-2020