Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kuyisici esibalulekile socwaningo lwesayensi yesimanje kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Kubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela ezintsha ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene, futhi i-reagent eyodwa eyinhloko edlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo i-sodium cyanoborohydride.
I-sodium cyanoborohydride, ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaBH3CN, iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa eqinile enemisebenzi eminingi evame ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali aphilayo. Yaziswa kakhulu ngekhono layo lokunciphisa ngokukhetha ama-aldehyde nama-ketone kuma-alcohols awo, okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwemithi, amakhemikhali amahle, nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanoborohydride njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa izimo zayo zokusabela ezithambile. Ngokungafani namanye ama-ejenti okunciphisa asetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-lithium aluminium hydride, i-sodium cyanoborohydride isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithambile, iyenza iphephe futhi isebenziseke kalula kuzilungiselelo zaselabhorethri. Lobu mnene futhi buvumela ukulawula okungcono kokusabela, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokusabela ohlangothini olungafuneki noma ukuncipha ngokweqile kwezinhlanganisela eziqondiwe.
Enye inzuzo enkulu ye-sodium cyanoborohydride ukukhetha kwayo okuphezulu. Uma isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izinhlanganisela ze-carbonyl, ngokuvamile igwema ukuphazamisa amanye amaqembu asebenzayo akhona ku-molecule, okuholela ekuphenduleni okuhlanzekile nokusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kukhetha kubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni ama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ukulondolozwa kwamanye amaqembu asebenzayo ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali nezinto ezifunwayo.
Ngaphezu kokuba i-ejenti yokunciphisa, i-sodium cyanoborohydride ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izinguquko zamakhemikhali. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwe-aldehydes nama-ketones, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene ze-heterocyclic. Ukuguquguquka kwayo nokuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zamaqembu asebenzayo kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile kumakhemikhali abhekene nezinselelo ezihlukahlukene zokwenziwa.
Ukwengeza, i-sodium cyanoborohydride yaziwa ngokuzinza nokulula ukuphatha. Ngokungafani namanye ama-reagents okusabela, ingagcinwa futhi ihanjiswe ngaphandle kokuqapha okwedlulele, okuyenza isebenze kakhulu ezilungiselelweni zezemfundo nezimboni.
Nakuba i-sodium cyanoborohydride inezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi i-ejenti yamakhemikhali, kufanele iphathwe ngokucophelela futhi ilandele izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele. Nakuba kuthathwa njengokuphephile kunezinye izindlela zokunciphisa, kuseyikhemikhali enamandla futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukasokhemisi onolwazi.
Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanoborohydride idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni izinhlanganisela ze-carbonyl nezinye izinguquko ezihlobene nalo. Izimo zayo zokusabela ezithambile, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuzinza kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile ebhokisini lamathuluzi lekhemisti yokwenziwa. Njengoba ucwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni we-organic chemistry iqhubeka, ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanoborohydride ekuvumela ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali amasha kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela zenoveli cishe kuzohlala kubalulekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-16-2024